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How a helicopter built of phone parts survived Mars for 3 years. Use code veritasium at https://incogni.com/veritasium to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan.

Try Snatoms! A molecular modelling kit I invented where the atoms snap together.

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A massive thank you to the team at JPL and especially Teddy Tzanetos, Travis Brown, Håvard Grip and DC Agle

Check out Astrum's video on Mars - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7mjp7MDx_w

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0:00 How Did Ingenuity Get To Mars?

3:23 Better Results, Bigger Expectations

6:15 Wobblecopter

7:48 Dust On Mars

9:41 What Is The Temperature On Mars?

11:54 Wake-Up Call

13:41 Android To The Rescue

16:22 Cosmic Rays

20:53 Dune and The Crash

25:26 The Next Generation

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References:

Ingenuity Mars Helicopter - NASA Science via science.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marsheli

Online Planetarium and calculator via theskylive.com - https://ve42.co/skyplanets

Ingenuity Poised for First Extraterrestrial Flight via www.batterytechonline.com - https://ve42.co/batflight

Sony VTC4 18650 Battery via www.ecoluxshopdirect.co.uk - https://ve42.co/sonybat

Ingenuity Mars Helicopter - NASA Science via science.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marsheli2

Ingenuity (helicopter) via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/wikiheli

Mars Facts | NASA Mars Exploration via science.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marsfacts

Mars Temperature Overview via www-k12.atmos.washington.edu - https://ve42.co/marstemp

How GPS Works via oceanservice.noaa.gov - https://ve42.co/noaagps

List of Snapdragon 801 Phones via www.91mobiles.com - https://ve42.co/snap801a

List of smartphones by processor - Kimovil via www.kimovil.com - https://ve42.co/snap801b

Inside the Ingenuity Helicopter Teamwork on Mars via insideunmannedsystems.com - https://ve42.co/marscrew

Planetary Science Research via oxfordre.com - https://ve42.co/oxfordmars

Ingenuity Adapts for Mars Winter Operations via science.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marswinter

Ingenuity Is Doing Surprisingly Well via www.universetoday.com - https://ve42.co/marswell

Remember NASA's Little Mars Copter? It's Still Going Strong via www.sciencealert.com - https://ve42.co/marsstrong

How Far Away Is Mars? via www.space.com - https://ve42.co/marsdist

Meet Snapdragon 801 Processor via www.qualcomm.com - https://ve42.co/snap801c

Device Hardware Information via deviceinfohw.ru - https://ve42.co/devinfohw

Mars Cameras via science.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marsorb

Mars Exploration Meeting Documentation via www.hou.usra.edu - https://ve42.co/marsmeet

Ingenuity Quick Facts via www.jpl.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marsquick

Flight 14 Delayed via science.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marsspin

This Camera Drone Can Fly on Mars via www.digitalcameraworld.com - https://ve42.co/marscam

Ingenuity Almost Crashed Due to Camera Glitch via petapixel.com - https://ve42.co/marsglitch

Mars 2020 Raw Images via mars.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marsimage

Grounded: First Flight Delay Due to Weather via science.nasa.gov - https://ve42.co/marsdelay

Mars Scientific Study via agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com - https://ve42.co/marsstudy

Images & Video:

Images and video from Perseverance and Ingenuity missions supplied by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Matthias (3 axis accelerometer, 3 axis gyroscope) https://youtu.be/yqFfmwVufMo?si=IoCj32PeVNZ4VJ-F

Veritasium. https://youtu.be/ty9QSiVC2g0?si=Gb48I-YjADPbPUsL

The Limiting Factor

https://youtu.be/4-1psMHSpKs?si=LF1jfLLNsBwRfwkB

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/xsUtq8PwZpQ?si=xOC91fdoSHdJndgx

VideoFromSpace. https://youtu.be/Kb0Pc22N6w4?si=4uSUetsSUKFTStme

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/qMbHE_VXI-8?si=TNePbTRpcN3oLEVJ

Veritasium. https://youtu.be/GhsZUZmJvaM?si=IIY0uuDrT-LzY5bI

Sighawke. https://youtu.be/OdKAW_0ENPU?si=18ZXXll3wSMj_Ex3

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/thk4Rha-fTk?si=_elC6Iqm1uaSjEFX

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/PFbzEM8PzHE?si=LmO71EVFqBAn6NEw

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/ia6S1jZmwWc?si=aAFC-BEmGwHIIqH7

JPL Raw. https://youtu.be/uz4GaAE7OMQ?si=7084_GDkrGnSSVTy

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/U7DFnNimSfw?si=JgwO2SNU9HXf3GIa

Apex Clips. https://youtu.be/NttUBB98zg4?si=j1OEQD1VBONTEEPI

Veritasium. https://youtu.be/AaZ_RSt0KP8?si=h7NKzMtJ87HRZ-bB

Cyber Chaos Crew. https://youtu.be/-KFH--_cdiI?si=S5rv8RjTtscu-S22

NBC News. https://youtu.be/lFiTjZDOekg?si=6a43qnPdveHaz6YA

Further image and video credits - https://docs.google.com/document/d/19fkGlnMj86GoISqBuEJbmW5oIpDI-JwDmlM7-iFITzU/edit?usp=sharing

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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Autodidactic Studios, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Greg Scopel, HydrochloRick, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias